Mutilation procedures are usually carried out without anesthesia or pain killers and usually under extremely unhygienic conditions. They are performed usually by so-called “circumcisers“ who frequently also work as midwives.
In some countries, so-called „medicalization“ of the practice can be found. Doctors as well as other medically trained personnel perform the mutilation of the female genitals, usually illegally and in violation of professional ethics anyway. In Egypt, for example, 75 % of all mutilations are performed by doctors who provide an income with this villainous deed.

